RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The current American Academy of Pediatrics policy calls for universal developmental screening (UDS) at the 18-month well-baby visit (18MWBV). In contrast, different clinical practice guidelines exist in other developed countries where only toddlers of concerned parents are referred for (selective) developmental screening (SDS). This study compares the expected benefit (EB) of these two strategies for monitoring children's behavioural development at the 18MWBV. METHOD A clinical decision analysis was performed, with EB defined as gain (probability of screening when appropriate + probability of not screening when appropriate) minus cost (probability of screening when not appropriate?+?probability of not screening when not appropriate). Accordingly, a strategy's EB referred to its efficiency at distinguishing between toddlers who need to be referred for screening and those who do not. RESULTS The EB of the UDS strategy was estimated at -0.242. In contrast, the EB of the SDS strategy was much greater at 0.326. In fact, the EB of the UDS strategy could only equal or surpass that of the SDS strategy if screening toddlers with a problem was considered almost five times more important than not screening well toddlers. However, our monitoring effort should be more evenly distributed between these two imperatives. Also, the evidence in favour of the SDS strategy remained largely unchanged after considering a broad range of values for the (unique) probabilities in the decision tree. CONCLUSION There are many steps involved in the monitoring of children's early behavioural development, but when it comes to decide whether or not to use behavioural screening, there is evidence for adopting the SDS strategy, and screening only if a behavioural concern is being raised by parents. © 2020 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.Humans in the industrialized world spend a large amount of daily time in sedentary behavior. Since sedentariness negatively impacts a variety of psychophysiological outcomes, the identification of antecedents that lead to sedentary behavior is an important public health issue. In this context, mood, a central indicator for both psychological well-being and mental health, is severely understudied. To investigate whether mood dimensions influence subsequent sedentary behavior, we assessed both constructs at baseline via questionnaires and via ambulatory assessment (AA) over 5&nbsp;days in 92 university employees. We continuously measured sedentary behavior using accelerometers and assessed mood repeatedly 10 times each day on smartphone diaries. We employed multiple regression analyses to analyze between-subject effects and multilevel modeling to analyze within-subject effects. Higher momentary ratings of valence (P&nbsp; less then &nbsp;.05) and energetic arousal (P&nbsp; less then &nbsp;.01) predicted lower amounts of subsequent sedentary behavior, whereas higher ratings of calmness (P&nbsp; less then &nbsp;.01) predicted higher amounts of subsequent sedentary behavior. The context moderated the effect of energetic arousal and calmness on sedentary behavior with increased effects in the home compared to the work context. Mood significantly predicted sedentary behavior on a within-subject level but not on a between-subject level. Preliminary evidence suggests that mood regulates sedentary behavior in everyday life. Time-sensitive analyses, such as from moment to moment revealed an association between mood and sedentary behavior (within-subject), whereas analyses between different individuals revealed no associations (between-subject). These preliminary findings may inform multicomponent intervention strategies that target mood, to reduce sedentary behavior in daily life. © 2020 John Wiley &amp; Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.Photoinduced charge separation in supramolecular aggregates of π-conjugated molecules is a fundamental photophysical process, and a key criterion for the development of advanced organic electronics materials. Here, we report on the self-assembly of novel low-bandgap chromophores into helical one-dimensional aggregates due to intermolecular hydrogen-bonding. The chromophores confined in these supramolecular polymers show strong excitonic coupling interactions and give rise to charge-separated states with unusually long lifetimes of several hours and charge densities of up to 5 mol% after illumination with white light. Two-contact devices exhibit increased photoconductivity and can even show Ohmic behavior. Our findings demonstrate that the confinement of organic semiconductors into one-dimensional aggregates results in a considerable stabilization of charge carriers for a variety of π-conjugated systems, which may have implications for the design of future organic electronic materials. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Resistance training (RT) may improve metabolic health; however, the extent of its effectiveness is constantly evaluated to assess improvements in the group means, thus obscuring the heterogeneous individual effects. This study investigated inter-individual variation in responses to RT as reflected in metabolic health indicators and how age, sex, nutrition and pre-training phenotypes are associated with such variabilities. METHODS Previously collected data of men and women (39-73 years, 135 trained, 73 non-trained controls) were pooled for analysis. Measurements were taken twice before training to estimate individual day-to-day variations and measurement errors (n=208). The individual responsiveness to the 21-week RT in cardiometabolic health indicators (i.e., systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), cholesterol and triglycerides) was determined. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/acalabrutinib.html Body composition was estimated by bioimpedance and dietary intake according to four-day food diaries. RESULTS Metabolic responses to RT seemed to be highly individual, and both beneficial and unfavourable changes were observed. Large inter-individual variations in training response were not explained by a subject's age, sex, body composition or nutritional status, with the exception of improvements in HDL-C, which were associated with simultaneous decreases in body fat in older women. The incidence of metabolic syndrome diminished following RT. CONCLUSION This study showed that RT could improve some specific metabolic health indicators beyond normal day-to-day variations, especially in blood lipid profile. Further studies are needed to elucidate genetic and other mechanisms underlining the heterogeneity of RT responses. This knowledge may be useful in providing individually tailored exercise prescriptions as part of personalised preventative health care. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.